Detection of Online Gambling Promotional Comments on YouTube Using IndoBERT

Yonky Pernando, Raymond Erz Saragih, Agus Suwandi, Ilwan Syafrinal, Eka Lia, Marfuah Marfuah

Abstract


Online gambling promotional comments on YouTube have become increasingly widespread and are difficult to detect with conventional moderation systems because they use informal language, varied spellings, and disguised keywords. This study applied the IndoBERT Transformer model to detect such comments using a cross-category video dataset in order to improve the generalization capability of the model. The research followed the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Machine Learning framework, which covers business and data understanding, data preparation, modelling, evaluation, deployment, and monitoring and maintenance. A total of 210,461 comments were collected through the YouTube Data API from 14 video categories. Preprocessing included emoji-to-text conversion, character normalization, text cleaning with regular expressions, and stopword removal using PySastrawi, NLTK, and a custom stopword list. The learning rate, batch size, and number of epochs were optimized using Optuna. On the test data, the model achieved an accuracy of 0.99591, a precision of 0.96396, a recall of 0.93265, and an F1-score of 0.94805. These results indicated that IndoBERT was effective in detecting online gambling promotional comments on YouTube and generalized well across various comment patterns.


Keywords


IndoBERT, Online Gambling, YouTube, Transformer, Text Classification

Full Text:

PDF

References


S. H. Bakhtiar and A. N. Adilah, “Fenomena judi online: Faktor, dampak, pertanggungjawaban hukum,” Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 1016–1026, 2024, doi: 10.31004/innovative.v4i3.10547.

S. Sudaryono, P. Nugroho, and T. K. Sudaryono, “The socioeconomic impact of online gambling on economic stability in Indonesia: A policy-oriented analysis,” International Journal Multidisciplinary Science, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 41–47, 2025, doi: 10.56127/ijml.v4i2.2152.

L. Rafiqah and H. Rasyid, “Dampak judi online terhadap kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat,” Al-Mutharahah: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Sosial Keagamaan, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 282–290, 2023, doi: 10.46781/al-mutharahah.v20i2.763.

Suwito, “Dampak hukum dan sosial dari judi online di Indonesia: Tantangan dalam penegakan hukum,” Indonesian Journal of Intellectual Publication, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 82–90, 2024, doi: 10.51577/ijipublication.v5i1.623.

J. A. Liem, D. T. Djatmiko Utomo, B. Ignasio, and T. W. Cenggoro, “Deep learning and machine learning for Indonesian online gambling website promotion detection,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 269, pp. 979–992, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.040.

S. Samuel and D. P. Kristiadi, “Deteksi teks promosi judi online menggunakan AI dengan kombinasi NLP dan deep learning,” Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi (SINTEK), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 179–185, 2025, doi: 10.56995/sintek.v5i2.179.

Ryan Prayoga, Adinda Tria Suci, Titus Kristanto, Samsul Lutfi, Desyanti, and Yonky Pernando, “Kombinasi Metode Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) dan Pembobotan Rank Order Centroid (ROC) dalam Pemilihan Tablet PC Terbaik,” Journal of Informatics Management and Information Technology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 63–69, 2023, doi: 10.47065/jimat.v3i2.256.

M. Iqbal et al., Konsep Kecerdasan Buatan. CV. Gita Lentera, 2024.

R. B. Perdana, B. Ardin I., A. B. Santoso, A. Ramadiah, and P. K. Putra, “Detecting online gambling promotions on Indonesian Twitter using text mining algorithm,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 942–949, 2024, doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150893.

A. N. Cahyo, R. Hermawan, M. A. D. Wijaya, and A. P. Sari, “Deteksi teks promosi judi online pada kolom komentar YouTube dengan metode regex dan fuzzy matching,” Jurnal RESTIKOM: Riset Teknik Informatika dan Komputer, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 176–187, 2025, doi: 10.52005/restikom.v7i2.441.

F. J. M. Riza, R. G. Guntara, and M. R. Nugraha, “Implementasi algoritma naive Bayes untuk filtrasi spam komentar judi online pada YouTube,” Indonesian Journal of Digital Business, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 411–423, 2025, [Online]. Available: https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/IJDB

I. F. Putra and A. Purwarianti, “Improving Indonesian text classification using multilingual language model,” ArXiv, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.05713

A. J. Andika, Y. Kristian, and E. I. Setiawan, “Deteksi komentar cyberbullying pada YouTube dengan metode convolutional neural network – long short-term memory network (CNN-LSTM),” Teknika, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 183–188, 2023, doi: 10.34148/teknika.v12i3.677.

M. Sam’an and K. Imaddudin, “Hybrid deep learning model for YouTube spam comment detection,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 3313–3319, 2024, doi: 10.11591/ijece.v14i3.pp3313-3319.

M. B. M. Amin, “Deteksi spam berbahasa Indonesia berbasis teks menggunakan model BERT,” Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1291–1301, 2024, doi: 10.25126/jtiik.2024118121.

S. P. Santika, M. A. Saputra, A. Zahra, and D. Suhartono, “Online gambling promotion detection in Indonesian YouTube comments using semi-supervised IndoBERT classification,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 269, pp. 1269–1278, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.068.

K. Kamdan, M. P. Anugrah, M. J. Almutaali, R. Ramdani, and I. L. Kharisma, “Performance analysis of IndoBERT for detection of online gambling promotion in YouTube comments,” Engineering Proceedings, vol. 107, p. 66, 2025, doi: 10.3390/engproc2025107066.

M. C. T. Manullang, A. Z. Rakhman, H. Tantriawan, and A. Setiawan, “Comparative analysis of CNN, transformers, and traditional ML for classifying online gambling spam comments in Indonesian,” Journal of Applied Informatics and Computing, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 592–602, 2025, doi: 10.30871/jaic.v9i3.9468.

H. S. Dutta and B. Khan, “YTCommentVerse: A multi-category multi-lingual YouTube comment corpus,” in Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM 2025), ACM, 2025, pp. 6351–6355. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11057

M. Z. Ammar, R. E. Putra, and Y. Yamasari, “Deep learning-based detection of online gambling promotion spam in Indonesian YouTube comments,” Journal of Applied Informatics and Computing, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 3632–3641, 2025, doi: 10.30871/jaic.v9i6.11240.

T. Decker, R. Gross, A. Koebler, M. Lebacher, R. Schnitzer, and S. H. Weber, “The thousand faces of explainable AI along the machine learning life cycle: Industrial reality and current state of research,” in Artificial Intelligence in HCI, Springer, 2023, pp. 184–208. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-35891-3_13.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.55311/aiocsit.v7i2.437

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.